We are fortunate to live in an age where electronics are abundant. However, these electronic devices are brought to us only due to the excellent components of circuit boards. We often wonder what makes electronic devices work so successfully and how they can be combined in Together. Electronic devices are so amazing because you never see anything happening but you can witness what they can do. In this article, we'll discuss the wonders of PCBs and how they can be achieved through the components of a circuit board .

1. Resistors as components of circuit boards

We use resistors a lot in most PCB projects and most of us are familiar with their function. Resistors are one of the circuit board components we use the most. They are very popular and easy to use. Resistors basically hinder The flow of electrical current. Therefore, resistance helps to dissipate electrical energy in the form of heat. There are many types of resistors and different ways of classifying them. The materials of manufacture of resistors often vary as we use different materials for different purposes .

Another way resistors differ is the way the leads come out of them. In this regard, the most common type is the axial resistor. Electronics enthusiasts, beginners, and hobbyists often prefer to use axial resistors because they are easy to use Integrate into any circuit. There are rings around each resistor. These rings are a color code indicating the resistance value of that particular resistor. The rings also tell us about the possible tolerances of the resistors.

2. Capacitors as components of circuit boards

After resistors, capacitors are probably the most common components on a circuit board. Capacitors are also the first choice for PCB enthusiasts. However, we use less capacitors than resistors. The basic function of a capacitor is to store an electric charge in it. A capacitor consists of two metals A plate with a dielectric between two metal plates. The two plates store opposite charges and the dielectric helps to separate them. When we put a capacitor in a circuit it releases the charge. This way, current starts to flow through the circuit.

There are many different ways to classify capacitors. However, we mainly classify them according to their dielectric material. This is because the dielectric material is responsible for giving the capacitor key properties. The denser the dielectric material, the more the capacitor can be stored on its board The more charge. This is why we tend to use good quality materials to make capacitors if we want to get higher capacitance. A typical capacitor has two leads sticking out of its metal plate. We use these leads to integrate the capacitor into the circuit.

3. Inductance device as a component of the circuit board

Inductors are one of three members of a circuit board's passive linear components. The other two are capacitors and resistors. Inductors are also primarily used to store energy in them. However, they store energy by creating a magnetic field while capacitors store energy through Use static electricity to store energy. There are many types of inductors out there, some simple and some more complex. However, metal coils are the most common and easiest to understand. The magnetic field that a coil can produce depends on the turns of the coil number. Finally, the greater the number of revolutions, the greater the inductance.

We often see inductors wrapped around some magnetic core. Magnetic cores come in different shapes and sizes. The main purpose of this magnetic core is to enhance the magnetic field when current flows through the conductor. Therefore, this magnetic core allows us to shield or completely shield certain signals . This is very useful to us because we can use it in many applications. These applications include reducing interference to communication equipment, and extending battery life, etc. .

4. Potentiometer as a component of the circuit board

Potentiometers are basically an advanced form of simple resistors. Simple resistors have a fixed resistance value. However, we believe that the resistance value of a potentiometer can be changed. There are many types of potentiometers but the most common are linear and rotary. Drag the linear slider to change the resistance of a linear potentiometer. In a rotary potentiometer, you can turn the knob to change the resistance. The resistance changes as the slider moves past the semicircular base resistance.

We use rotary potentiometers a lot in our daily life. One of the most common applications is their use in loop faders on music players and similar audio equipment. They work by controlling the amount of current that is allowed to flow to the amplifier. In We often rely on potentiometers when designing complex devices whose performance requirements vary by fine-tuning.

5. Transformers as components of circuit boards

They are one of the most important components of a circuit board. Transformers are primarily used to transfer electrical energy from one set of equipment to another. As we pass electrical energy across multiple setups, it increases or decreases. The increase or decrease in voltage is usually Observable. Experts often think of transitions like voltage. Transformers include a metal core similar to what we see in normal inductors. There are always many coils around the metal core. There are at least two coils, one of which is The secondary coil is used as the secondary coil and the other is used as the primary coil. The secondary coil refers to the setup through which the electrical energy will pass. However, the primary coil refers to the device where the electrical energy comes from.

We often see transformers on large utility poles. These are called industrial transformers and they reduce the voltage as it goes through the line. This reduction is usually in the range of hundreds of thousands. So, by using a transformer this voltage is available to us daily life and ordinary families.

6. Diodes as circuit board components

Diodes are one of the most important components in a circuit board. Their main purpose is to allow current to flow in only one set direction. Current can flow from the positive terminal to the negative terminal and vice versa, but never at the same time. So, diodes pass in This is achieved by providing infinite resistance in one direction and zero resistance in the other. So, we can take advantage of this feature to block the flow of current in an undesired direction. One of the most popular diodes is the LED diode or commonly known as luminous Diodes. We mainly use these diodes to emit light. These diodes are easy to solder. However, we must orient them correctly or the LEDs may not light up.

7. Transistors as components of circuit boards

Most electronics experts consider transistors as the building blocks of electronics as we know them today. These are very important components of circuit boards. You can find billions of transistors in a single IC. However, we should not take them as Rather they are just ordinary electrical switches and simple amplifiers. Transistors come in all shapes and sizes. However, the most common one is the bipolar transistor. Other categories include PNP and NPN variants.

There are 3 pins inside a bipolar transistor. There is a collector, the emitter, and then the most important one. The base. When a small amount of current flows through the NPN transistor it flows from the base to the emitter. This, however, causes Another setup, the current becomes very large. Then, more current flows from the emitter to the collector.

On the other hand, PNP transistors behave exactly the opposite of NPN transistors. There is another popular type of transistors we call FETs or simply field effect transistors. They use the existing electric field to trigger another circuit setup which allows current flow through them.

8. Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) as a component of the circuit board

These are the building blocks of circuit boards, so enthusiasts love to use them. People also call them thyristors because they are very similar to diodes and transistors. Some experts suggest that they are similar to two transistors that work together. . They have four silicon layers and contain only three leads. They don't act as amplifiers, they just act as switches.

One of the main points to note is that we only need a single pulse to activate the switch. On the other hand, we have to continuously supply current to the transistor in order for it to pass through the amplification. Therefore, they are more suitable for a large number of switching power supplies.

9. Integrated circuits as components of circuit boards

We also call them ICs and they are the key components of circuit boards. So, when we shrink some electronic circuits and components and embed them on semiconductor films they are called ICs. They allow us to combine many electronic circuits and components Components are embedded into a single chip. This amazing capability allowed us to make the first calculators. So, now they allow us to make state-of-the-art smart devices and revolutionary supercomputers. The IC acts as a central processing unit Or essentially the brains of a larger circuit. There are different types of ICs, but most are offered in black plastic housings. They usually have visible contacts such as leads that come out of their structure. They also sometimes have contact pads underneath them.

10. Crystal oscillator as a component of the board

These are the most important components of circuit boards in complex devices. We use them mainly in clocks because they allow us to make critical circuits. These critical circuits allow us to keep a stable and accurate time. They include generators that generate periodic electronic signals Piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectrics are basically a crystalline material that when oscillated produces a signal. We design them in such a way that they are vibrationally stable. Their vibrations are related to a specific frequency. Therefore, we can make by using them Economical and accurate clocks. Therefore, we also use them for other important devices such as quartz watches and microcontrollers.